A Critical Analysis of Womens Social Realities in Ancient Greece Essay

A Critical Analysis of Womens Social Realities in Ancient Greece - Essay Example In a number of cases in Greek medical science, law, social status, etc, women were considered as inferior and subservient to their male counterparts. Greek society was accustomed to view women as addendum to the males. A close analysis of the Greek medical treatises by some anonymous Greek scholars including Hippocrates1 shows that though Greek medical science has made a significant effort to look deep into the scientific rationales to explain women’s physical realities, the tendency to view women as addendum to their male counterparts has always prevailed over these medical interpretations. But in other sectors such as economy, politics, religion, law, etc there were strictly demarcated dichotomies between men’s and women’s role. But the Spartan women would enjoy more civil, social and economic rights than the Greek women did. Scholars argue that as a military polis, Sparta had been able to forsake the gender bias in its attitudes to women and allow its women to enjoy more freedom according to their military career and services to the state. As revealed in Hippocrates’ corpus, ancient Greek medical science was highly infused with male ideology and tendency to view women’s reality as â€Å"special cases†2. ... gard, Sue Blundell says, â€Å"In the discussions of women’s reproductive system in particular, ideas about women’s physiology can be seen to reflect and reinforce ideas about their social and moral identity†.4 Greek views on female puberty, menstruation, sex, reproduction, conception, menopause, etc necessarily reflects women’s subjectivity to their male counterparts. Marriage as well as sexual intercourse was supposed to be a solution to a number of female problems of female physiology. Menstruation is one of these problems that were thought to be cured with sexual intercourse. In cases of menstrual hallucination and suicidal tendency of young girls, one of Hippocratic authors’ advice is as following: â€Å"My prescription is that when virgins have this trouble, they should marry as soon as possible. If they become pregnant, they will be cured†.5 Young girls who had reached puberty were thought to be uncontrollable and, therefore, to be mis creant in the society. In the case of sex and reproduction, a woman’s value had been assessed in terms of her ability to give a child. In a male-centered society, a woman without fertility was nothing but a barren land which gives nothing to its owner. Like most other male dominated societies of human civilization, classical Greek society used to view women as a property of the males. Therefore, Greek women could not inherit property and run business. According to Sue Blundell, â€Å"Athenian Women could not by law enter into any contact ‘beyond the value of one medimnos of barley’: a mdimnons was a measure of grain, [which is] sufficient to keep a family fed for five or six days†.6 Classical Greek women could acquire property in three ways: inheritance, dowry and gifts. Indeed, inheritance was a legal means which

Electronic Buisness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Electronic Buisness - Essay Example While e-business is concerned with the micro-environment of a firm, e-commerce deals with organization macro-environment (Bontis 2004). One aspect that comes with e-business is the need for effective risk management through proper identification, assessment and mitigation to satisfactory level. Nastase and Nastase (2007) define risk as a function of the possibility that some sources of threats will cause vulnerability leading to adverse effects on the organization. Unlike traditional boardroom risk management, today the business mainstream has become part of risk management to ensure that the organization achieves optimum profitability in a business environment characterized by elevating regulatory demands (Accenture 2011). This paper discuses risk management for e-business sustainability. Importance of sustainable risk management For all companies engaging in e-business, it is essential to align profit goals to the organizational policies on the environment through the process of su stainable risk management (Rouse 2010). ... In addition, risks in electronic business do not reduce but increase owing to changing management circumstances and operation modes (Jia and Zhou 2005).The core focus of sustainability in e-business risk management is through detection of emerging issues that would affect production, supply chain and operations (Napier, Rivers and Wagner 2006). The most crucial emerging issues in business nowadays are changing government regulations (Grefen 2010). Through the IT departments in organizations, data on emergent issues is managed based on its association with the sustainability goals of the organization (Kalakota and Robinson 2001) while ensuring the providence of automated auditing and reporting capabilities (Gasos and Thoben 2003). Brock and Azim-Khan (2008) argue that the realization of e-business risks administration determines the future state of the business. For most start-ups and established companies, investment in e-business is often wrong with less promising future (Yilmz and Flouris 2009). Failed e-business is a revelation that affected businesses failed to fully integrate into their strategy, both sustainability and risk management (Dylick and Hockerts 2002). Through proper integration of strategy and risk and sustainability management, businesses are sure of making money to remain afloat in a competitive environment (Holbrook 2010). The risks associated to business originate either internally or externally (Wilson 2003; Australian Government 2009) and this means that business executives are obliged to distinguish, weigh and limit risks (Hamel and Sampler 1998; Bontis 2004). According to Globe-net (2012), it is impossible to have stable financial systems